Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 8, 2026

Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Published on: May 17, 2024
Gestational weight gain in insulin-resistant pregnancies
L M Harper1, A L Shanks, A O Odibo
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Objective:
To examine the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines for gestational weight gain (GWG) in insulin-resistant pregnancy.
Study Design:
Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of 435 women with type 2 or gestational diabetes from 2006 to 2010. The exposure was categorized as GWG less than, within or greater than the IOM recommendations for body mass index. The maternal outcome was a composite of preeclampsia, eclampsia, third- to fourth-degree laceration, readmission or wound infection. The neonatal outcome was a composite of preterm delivery, level 3 nursery admission, oxygen requirement >6 h, shoulder dystocia, 5-min Apgar3, umbilical cord arterial pH<7.1 or base excess <-12. Secondary outcomes were cesarean delivery (CD), macrosomia and small for gestational age (SGA).
Result:
Incidence of the maternal outcome did not differ with GWG (P=0.15). Women gaining more than recommended had an increased risk of CD (relative risk (RR) 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.69) and the neonatal outcome (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.95) compared with women gaining within the IOM recommendations. Women gaining less than recommended had an increased risk of SGA (RR 3.29, 95% CI 1.09 to 9.91) without a decrease in the risk of the maternal outcome (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.78) or CD (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.37) compared with women gaining within the IOM recommendations.
Conclusion:
Women with insulin resistance should be advised to gain within the current IOM guidelines.
Related Concept Videos
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Hyperglycemia
