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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
07:52

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

Published on: September 18, 2020

Chronic ankle instability affects learning rate during repeated proprioception testing.

Jeremy B Witchalls1, Gordon Waddington2, Roger Adams3

  • 1Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2609, Australia; Dept of Physical Therapies, Australian Institute of Sport, Leverier Crescent, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.

Physical Therapy in Sport : Official Journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine
|August 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) show slower proprioception improvement with repeated testing on the Active Movement Extent Discrimination Apparatus (AMEDA). This suggests altered learning strategies in CAI patients.

Keywords:
AnkleProprioceptionPsychometrics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Motor Control
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is prevalent among athletes and the general population.
  • Proprioception deficits are commonly associated with CAI, impacting joint stability and function.
  • The Active Movement Extent Discrimination Apparatus (AMEDA) is a tool used to assess proprioception sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare proprioception sensitivity between individuals with CAI and healthy controls using the AMEDA.
  • To investigate whether repeated active movement testing on the AMEDA can improve proprioception scores in individuals with CAI.
  • To evaluate the test-retest reliability of the AMEDA for assessing proprioception.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study design was employed, comparing participants with CAI to those with stable ankles.
  • Participants included 61 healthy university students and 36 individuals with CAI.
  • A 2-way ANOVA analyzed performance differences across three AMEDA test repetitions, with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) determining reliability.

Main Results:

  • Proprioception scores improved in both CAI and healthy groups with repeated AMEDA testing (p < 0.001).
  • The rate of improvement was significantly slower in the CAI group compared to the stable ankle group (p = 0.047).
  • The AMEDA demonstrated good test-retest reliability for the overall group (ICC = 0.80).

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with CAI exhibit a diminished capacity to enhance proprioception sensitivity through repeated active movement testing.
  • The findings suggest that individuals with CAI may employ different learning strategies or have underlying neural differences affecting proprioceptive adaptation.
  • The AMEDA is a reliable tool for assessing proprioception and detecting differences in learning rates in individuals with CAI.