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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Compound cuing in free recall.

Lynn J Lohnas1, Michael J Kahana1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|August 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retrieved context theory explains episodic memory recall through cognitive states. Compound cuing effects in free recall, supporting this theory, were observed across various recall conditions.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Episodic memory recall is influenced by retrieved context.
  • Previous models suggest recall cues are based on recent cognitive states.
  • The retrieved context theory posits recall is a function of recently activated states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test predictions of the retrieved context theory regarding compound cuing in free recall.
  • To investigate the influence of temporal contiguity on recall accuracy.
  • To differentiate between retrieved context theory and rehearsal-based accounts of memory.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis of existing free recall experiments was conducted.
  • Conditional response probabilities and interresponse times were analyzed.
  • An experiment involving immediate, delayed, and continual-distractor free recall conditions was performed.

Main Results:

  • Evidence for compound cuing was found in both meta-analysis and the experiment.
  • Compound cuing effects were present regardless of distractor presence.
  • The temporal contiguity effect was more pronounced when recently recalled items were studied contiguously.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the retrieved context theory of episodic memory.
  • Compound cuing effects are robust and not solely attributable to rehearsal.
  • The study highlights the role of contextual information in memory retrieval.