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Related Concept Videos

Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
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Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
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Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
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What is the Immune System?

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Pillars Article: Mucosal and Glandular Distribution of Immunoglobulin Components: Differential Localization of Free and Bound SC in Secretory Epithelial Cells. <i>J. Immunol</i>. 1974. 112: 1553-1559.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

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Secretory IgA: Designed for Anti-Microbial Defense.

Per Brandtzaeg1

  • 1Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology (LIIPAT), Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway.

Frontiers in Immunology
|August 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Mucosal vaccines offer easier immunization and better public health by inducing immune exclusion via secretory IgA (SIgA). Research highlights the polymeric Ig receptor

Keywords:
GALTMALTNALTantibodiescommensalsgerminal centersmucosapathogens

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Mucosal vaccines aim to improve public health through easier administration and enhanced immune responses.
  • Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) mediates immune exclusion at internal body surfaces.
  • The polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) facilitates the epithelial transport of polymeric IgA (pIgA) and IgM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) in mucosal immunity.
  • To understand the mechanisms of IgA and IgM transport across epithelial barriers.
  • To examine the consequences of pIgR deficiency on mucosal defense and gut microbiota.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pIgR-deficient mice to study mucosal immune functions.
  • Analyzed defects in mucosal defense and changes in intestinal microbiota in knockout models.
  • Investigated B-cell induction, plasma cell differentiation, and homing mechanisms in gut and airway associated lymphoid tissues.

Main Results:

  • Mice deficient for pIgR exhibit significant defects in mucosal defense.
  • pIgR is essential for the epithelial export of IgA and IgM.
  • pIgR knockout mice display alterations in their intestinal microbiota composition.
  • Compartmentalization of immune responses in different mucosal tissues presents challenges for vaccination.

Conclusions:

  • The polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) is critical for IgA and IgM transport and overall mucosal immunity.
  • Understanding mucosal immune compartmentalization is key to developing effective mucosal vaccines.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges in mucosal vaccine design and delivery.