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Related Concept Videos

Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Amnesia01:13

Amnesia

Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories.
The severity and duration of memory loss vary depending on the type and underlying cause. Amnesia is classified into two main types: retrograde and anterograde.
Retrograde amnesia is marked by the loss of memories formed before the onset of the condition. Patients may recall distant past events but often forget those occurring shortly before the incident.
Anterograde...
Dissociative Amnesia01:21

Dissociative Amnesia

Dissociative amnesia is a complex psychological condition that manifests as an inability to recall personal information, often tied to traumatic or stressful events. Unlike general amnesia, individuals with this condition retain the ability to perform routine activities and procedural tasks, such as operating a phone or navigating public transportation, yet experience profound gaps in autobiographical memory. These lapses may encompass significant life events, such as suicide attempts or...
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...

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Declarative and nondeclarative memory: multiple brain systems supporting learning and memory.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

Intact priming for novel perceptual representations in amnesia.

S B Hamann1, L R Squire

  • 1University of California, San Diego.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|August 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Priming, the enhancement of stimulus processing, can occur for new stimuli without prior memory. This perceptual priming is independent of declarative memory systems, as shown in amnesic patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Theories suggest priming for novel stimuli like pseudowords may rely on existing memory representations or stimulus components.
  • Alternative view posits priming reflects the creation of new perceptual representations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether priming for novel stimuli (pseudowords, nonwords) involves new representations or activation of familiar ones.
  • To differentiate the mechanisms of perceptual priming and recognition memory.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments assessed perceptual identification priming and recognition memory.
  • Used amnesic patients and control subjects with novel and familiar letter strings.
  • Tested priming for words, pseudowords, and orthographically illegal nonwords.

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A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential (ERP) Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

Virtual Prism Adaptation Therapy: Protocol for Validation in Healthy Adults
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Virtual Prism Adaptation Therapy: Protocol for Validation in Healthy Adults

Published on: February 12, 2020

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential (ERP) Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder
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A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential (ERP) Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Main Results:

  • Perceptual priming for words, pseudowords, and illegal nonwords was intact in amnesic patients after single exposure.
  • Recognition memory was impaired in amnesic patients for the same items.
  • Priming for words and pseudowords was greater than for illegal nonwords.

Conclusions:

  • Single-exposure priming can depend on the creation of new perceptual representations.
  • This form of priming is independent of brain structures crucial for declarative memory.
  • Priming mechanisms may differ for wordlike stimuli versus nonword stimuli.