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Related Concept Videos

Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Sequences01:29

Sequences

Sequences are fundamental mathematical objects consisting of ordered lists of numbers that follow a specific rule or pattern. Sequences are critical in various mathematical concepts, including calculus, series, and number theory. They can model real-world phenomena such as population growth, financial investments, and physical processes like the diminishing height of a bouncing ball.Each number in a sequence is referred to as a term. Typically, the terms are denoted as a1, a2, a3,…, where the...
Classical Conditioning01:18

Classical Conditioning

Associative learning, a core principle in behavioral psychology, involves forming connections between events and facilitating learned responses. This concept is vividly illustrated by classical conditioning, a process extensively studied by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov's pioneering research on dogs' digestive systems led to the discovery that behaviors can be learned through association, laying the groundwork for classical conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov observed that dogs salivated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

2D-HELS MS Seq: A General LC-MS-Based Method for Direct and de novo Sequencing of RNA Mixtures with Different Nucleotide Modifications
05:41

2D-HELS MS Seq: A General LC-MS-Based Method for Direct and de novo Sequencing of RNA Mixtures with Different Nucleotide Modifications

Published on: July 10, 2020

[Sequencing - classical method].

Monika Sedivcová1, Petr Martínek, Jan Stehlík

  • 1Bioptická laboratoř, s.r.o., Plzeň. sedivcova@medima.cz

Ceskoslovenska Patologie
|August 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This article summarizes DNA sequencing methods, focusing on Sanger sequencing. It details chain termination, fragment analysis, and data interpretation challenges for nucleotide sequence determination.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Understanding DNA sequences is fundamental to molecular biology and genetics.
  • Accurate nucleotide sequence determination is crucial for various research and diagnostic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of DNA sequencing methodologies.
  • To detail the principles and practical aspects of Sanger sequencing.
  • To discuss alternative sequencing approaches and data analysis challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed explanation of Sanger sequencing, including chain termination synthesis.
  • Description of DNA fragment separation and detection techniques.
  • Brief mention of alternative DNA sequencing methods.

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Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation
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Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation

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Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation
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Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation

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2D-HELS MS Seq: A General LC-MS-Based Method for Direct and de novo Sequencing of RNA Mixtures with Different Nucleotide Modifications
05:41

2D-HELS MS Seq: A General LC-MS-Based Method for Direct and de novo Sequencing of RNA Mixtures with Different Nucleotide Modifications

Published on: July 10, 2020

Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation
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Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation

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Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation
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Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation

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Main Results:

  • Sanger sequencing remains a prevalent routine method for DNA sequence determination.
  • The article elucidates the process of generating DNA fragments with known end bases.
  • Challenges in sequence data analysis and interpretation are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Sanger sequencing is a well-established technique for reading nucleotide sequences.
  • Effective data analysis is essential for overcoming obstacles in DNA sequencing.
  • This review serves as a guide to fundamental sequencing methods and their applications.