Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

Steps in the Modeling Process

Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
Introduction to Learning01:18

Introduction to Learning

Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

IRIS Pigmentation and Reactive Motor Performance.

Journal of motor behavior·2013
Same author

Teacher versus peer models.

Journal of motor behavior·2013
Same author

The significance of "significant" results.

Journal of motor behavior·2013
Same author

Effect of need achievement and task difficulty on competitive and noncompetitive motor performance.

Journal of motor behavior·2013
Same author

Effect of anxiety, competition, and failure on performance of a complex motor task.

Journal of motor behavior·2013
Same author

A comparison of modelling and imagery in the acquisition and retention of motor skills.

Journal of sports sciences·2007

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another
05:12

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Published on: September 18, 2017

Observational learning of a motor skill.

D M Landers1

  • 1a College of Health, Physical Education and Recreation , The Pennsylvania State University.

Journal of Motor Behavior
|August 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Observing live model demonstrations before and during practice improved performance. While temporal spacing of demonstrations aided learning, the audience type did not significantly impact results.

Area of Science:

  • Motor learning
  • Observational learning
  • Skill acquisition

Background:

  • Observational learning is a key mechanism for skill acquisition.
  • The timing and context of observing a model can influence learning outcomes.
  • Understanding factors affecting motor performance is crucial in sports and rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of temporal spacing of live model demonstrations on motor skill performance.
  • To examine the influence of different audience conditions on performance during skill acquisition.

Main Methods:

  • 180 female subjects observed live model demonstrations at different points during practice (before, before/midway, midway).
  • Performance was assessed under varying audience conditions: experimenter only, model audience, strangers, and no audience (control).

More Related Videos

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice
06:04

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum
07:52

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

Published on: February 12, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another
05:12

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Published on: September 18, 2017

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice
06:04

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum
07:52

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

Published on: February 12, 2017

Main Results:

  • Temporal spacing of model presentations showed evidence of effectiveness in enhancing performance.
  • The no-audience control group exhibited significantly lower performance compared to all other audience conditions.
  • No significant differences in performance were found across the different audience types (experimenter, model, strangers).

Conclusions:

  • Strategic timing of observational learning, specifically integrating model demonstrations throughout the practice phase, can optimize skill acquisition.
  • The presence of an audience, regardless of its composition, appears to enhance motor performance compared to practicing alone.
  • Further research could explore the interaction between audience presence and temporal spacing in more detail.