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Related Concept Videos

Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Paired Cisterna Magna Nanoinjection and Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging Assay to Study Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation In Vivo
06:24

Paired Cisterna Magna Nanoinjection and Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging Assay to Study Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation In Vivo

Published on: July 8, 2025

Common Blood Flow Changes across Visual Tasks: II. Decreases in Cerebral Cortex.

G L Shulman1, J A Fiez, M Corbetta

  • 1Washington University School of Medicine.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|August 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Consistent blood flow decreases during active tasks, compared to passive viewing, were found in multiple brain regions including the posterior cingulate and inferior parietal cortex. These patterns varied between language and non-language tasks, suggesting task-specific neural processes.

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Cerebral Blood Flow-Based Resting State Functional Connectivity of the Human Brain using Optical Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy
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Cerebral Blood Flow-Based Resting State Functional Connectivity of the Human Brain using Optical Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Paired Cisterna Magna Nanoinjection and Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging Assay to Study Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation In Vivo
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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Visual Cortex with Wide-View Retinotopic Stimulation
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Cerebral Blood Flow-Based Resting State Functional Connectivity of the Human Brain using Optical Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy
07:13

Cerebral Blood Flow-Based Resting State Functional Connectivity of the Human Brain using Optical Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Previous studies using positron emission tomography (PET) have investigated human visual information processing.
  • Understanding consistent patterns of brain activity changes during cognitive tasks is crucial for mapping brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reanalyze nine previous PET studies to identify consistent patterns of blood flow decreases during active tasks versus passive viewing.
  • To investigate how these patterns differ between language-related and non-language-related tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Reanalysis of data from nine existing PET studies on visual information processing.
  • Comparison of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) between active tasks and passive viewing conditions.
  • Comparison of rCBF between active tasks and a fixation control condition.

Main Results:

  • Consistent blood flow decreases during active tasks were observed in the posterior cingulate/precuneous, inferior parietal cortex, dorsolateral frontal cortex, lateral inferior frontal cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, medial frontal regions, and the amygdala.
  • Language-related tasks showed larger blood flow decreases compared to non-language tasks when contrasted with passive viewing, primarily due to increased activity in passive conditions of language tasks.
  • When active tasks were compared to fixation, decreases were more pronounced in the posterior cingulate/precuneous and right inferior parietal cortex during language tasks, and in the left inferior frontal cortex during non-language tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Consistent decreases in blood flow during active tasks may reflect generalized task-related decreases in neural activity or the suspension of ongoing processes active during passive viewing.
  • Increased activity in passive conditions might represent unconstrained thought, environmental monitoring, or emotional state monitoring.
  • Task-specific differences in blood flow decreases highlight the distinct neural substrates engaged by language versus non-language processing.