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Related Concept Videos

Health Literacy01:21

Health Literacy

Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative programs,...
Chi-square Analysis02:46

Chi-square Analysis

The chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test. It is used to check whether there is a significant difference between an expected value and an observed value. In the context of genetics, it enables us to either accept or reject a hypothesis, based on how much the observed values deviate from the expected values.
The chi-square test was developed by Pearson in 1990.
The first step of performing a Chi-square analysis is to establish a null hypothesis, which assumes that there is no real...
What is Behavior?00:54

What is Behavior?

Behaviors are actions that an organism engages in—they can be related to finding food, reproducing, defending against threats, and many other possible actions. Behaviors include activities related to the environment around the animal—such as migration—as well as social interactions within a species or population. Many behaviors involve motor output—that is, muscle movements—while others involve less visible actions, such as learning.
Nature and Nurture01:10

Nature and Nurture

Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience, such as differences...
Communication01:03

Communication

Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
Life Histories01:29

Life Histories

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Comparing Bibliometric Analysis Using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Databases
05:02

Comparing Bibliometric Analysis Using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Databases

Published on: October 24, 2019

What's in the literature?

David Lacomis, Ahmed El-Dokla1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC-Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. lacomisd@upmc.edu

Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease
|August 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Acetyl-L-carnitine shows probable benefit for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. New research also explores titin mutations in myopathy and small fiber neuropathy

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuromuscular Disorders
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Recent studies investigate novel treatments and diagnostic tools for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
  • Advances in understanding myasthenia gravis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and other myopathies are emerging.
  • The role of autoimmune conditions in neuromuscular diseases and pain syndromes is being further elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings and ongoing research in various neuromuscular and autoimmune conditions.
  • To highlight advancements in treatment efficacy and side effect profiles for conditions like ALS and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
  • To explore emerging causes and diagnostic approaches for myopathies and neuropathies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of acetyl-L-carnitine for ALS.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Comparing Bibliometric Analysis Using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Databases
05:02

Comparing Bibliometric Analysis Using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Databases

Published on: October 24, 2019

  • Analysis of electrophysiologic measures and skin pathology in ALS.
  • Examination of studies on corticosteroid treatment, thymectomy, and histopathology in myasthenia gravis.
  • Evaluation of long-term studies on corticosteroid administration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
  • Review of reports on titin mutations causing myopathy and cyclosporine in antisynthetase syndrome.
  • Exploration of small fiber neuropathy in fibromyalgia and juvenile diffuse pain.

    • Main Results:

    • Acetyl-L-carnitine showed probable benefit in ALS patients when combined with riluzole.
    • Early corticosteroid treatment may prevent generalized symptoms in ocular myasthenia gravis.
    • Intermittent prednisolone in Duchenne muscular dystrophy had a better side effect profile but less sustained benefit than daily administration.
    • Titin mutations may be an underrecognized cause of adult myopathy with early respiratory failure.
    • Small fiber neuropathy may contribute to fibromyalgia and diffuse pain in juveniles.

    Conclusions:

    • Acetyl-L-carnitine represents a potential therapeutic option for ALS.
    • Optimizing treatment strategies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and myasthenia gravis remains crucial.
    • Further research into titin mutations and small fiber neuropathy could expand diagnostic and therapeutic avenues for myopathies and pain syndromes.