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Updated: May 8, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

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Published on: August 13, 2019

Hormone replacement therapy in females can decrease the risk of lung cancer: a meta-analysis.

Yanwen Yao1, Xiaoling Gu, Juehua Zhu

  • 1Jinling Hospital, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.

Plos One
|August 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may decrease lung cancer risk in women, particularly those with a BMI under 25 kg/m² and never smokers. However, HRT might increase risk in cases of artificial menopause.

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is widely used for managing menopausal symptoms.
  • The relationship between HRT and lung cancer risk remains a subject of ongoing research and debate.
  • Understanding this association is crucial for guiding clinical practice and patient counseling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis investigating the association between HRT use and lung cancer risk in females.
  • To synthesize evidence from multiple studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the HRT-lung cancer link.
  • To identify specific subgroups of women who may experience altered lung cancer risk with HRT.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed across PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to May 2012.
  • Twenty-five studies comprising 656,403 participants, including 11,442 lung cancer patients, were included in the meta-analysis.
  • Random-effects models were used to estimate overall and stratified odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Main Results:

  • The overall meta-analysis indicated a significant association between HRT use and decreased lung cancer risk (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.83-0.99, P = 0.033).
  • Stratified analyses revealed a reduced lung cancer risk in women with BMI < 25 kg/m² (OR = 0.65, P = 0.000) and in never smokers (OR = 0.86, P = 0.042).
  • Conversely, HRT use was associated with an increased lung cancer risk in women with artificial menopause (OR = 1.51, P = 0.001).
  • Egger's test did not reveal significant publication bias (P = 0.069).

Conclusions:

  • HRT use is associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer in the general female population.
  • The protective effect of HRT against lung cancer is more pronounced in women with a BMI < 25 kg/m² and in never smokers.
  • Women undergoing artificial menopause may face an elevated risk of lung cancer with HRT use, warranting careful consideration.