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Updated: May 8, 2026

Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube High-Frequency Nanoelectronic Biosensor for Sensing in High Ionic Strength Solutions
Published on: July 22, 2013
Feasibility of a high-powered carbon nanotube thin-film loudspeaker
Andrew R Barnard1, David M Jenkins, Timothy A Brungart
1The Pennsylvania State University, Applied Research Laboratory, PO.Box 30, State College, Pennsylvania 16804-0030, USA. arb279@psu.edu
Abstract:
The thermophone, conceived in 1917 by Arnold and Crandall, was a unique thermoacoustic loudspeaker. The high heat capacity per unit area (HCPUA) of thin-film materials at that time limited the usefulness of thermophones. Recently, researchers of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have developed techniques to create a super-aligned thin-film of multi-walled CNTs, possessing extremely low HCPUA. This paper will discuss CNT thin-film loudspeaker theory as well as some initial investigations into the feasibility of a high-powered audio CNT speaker. The advantages of such a loudspeaker include: Ultra-lightweight, compact, no moving parts, low cost, and independence from expensive rare-earth materials.
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