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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process information is...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...

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Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks
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Toward a noncomputational cognitive neuroscience.

G G Globus1

  • 1University of California Irvine.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|August 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain may not process information like a computer but instead "participates" with external input. This dynamic, self-organizing model suggests the brain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • The dominant theory posits the brain processes information via subsymbolic computation on distributed representations.
  • This information processing model, while useful for silicon-based neural networks, may not accurately reflect biological neural systems.
  • Living neural networks undergo continuous chemical tuning, altering functions, weights, parameters, and connectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an alternative theory to the brain's information processing model.
  • To introduce the concept of the brain supporting "participation" rather than computation.
  • To explore noncomputational dynamics in nonlinear neural systems.

Main Methods:

  • Contrasting the proposed noncomputational "differing and deferring" process with computational models of molecular information processing.
  • Analyzing the state hyperspace of nonlinear dynamical systems.
  • Examining evidence for fractal properties in the brain.

Main Results:

  • The brain's dynamic self-organization is proposed as an alternative to information processing.
  • Nonlinear dynamical systems exhibit a fractal dimension in their state hyperspace, unlike classical systems.
  • Suggestive evidence indicates fractal properties within the brain's structure.

Conclusions:

  • The brain's continuous adaptation suggests a participatory model over a computational one.
  • Noncomputational dynamics, characterized by fractal properties, offer a new perspective on neural function.
  • This framework challenges traditional information processing theories in neuroscience.