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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

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Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming
08:56

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Published on: July 30, 2016

Secondary cell reprogramming systems: as years go by.

Andras Nagy1

  • 1Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|August 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) revolutionized cell plasticity understanding. Secondary reprogramming systems (2°RS) are key tools for studying how cells change fate, offering insights into molecular mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Cellular reprogramming
  • Molecular mechanisms of cell fate determination

Background:

  • The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in 2006 transformed the study of cell plasticity.
  • Significant research efforts focus on understanding the molecular basis of cell fate changes.
  • Secondary reprogramming systems (2°RS) have emerged as powerful tools in this field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental components of secondary reprogramming systems (2°RS).
  • To highlight recent advancements and applications of 2°RS.
  • To deepen the understanding of the mechanisms behind induced cell fate changes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of secondary reprogramming systems (2°RS).
  • Analysis of key components and recent developments in 2°RS.
  • Examination of applications demonstrating induced cell fate changes.

Main Results:

  • Detailed outline of the essential elements constituting 2°RS.
  • Summary of innovations and emerging uses of these systems.
  • Explanation of how 2°RS facilitate the study of cell plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • Secondary reprogramming systems (2°RS) are crucial for investigating cell fate plasticity.
  • Continued research using 2°RS will further elucidate the molecular underpinnings of cell reprogramming.
  • Understanding these mechanisms opens new avenues in regenerative medicine and developmental biology.