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Related Concept Videos

Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:33

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
This technique helps gather information regarding the protein from which the peptide was obtained and to study the peptides’ amino acid sequence. Identifying peptides from a complex mixture is an important component of the growing field of...
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:

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Sample Preparation for Metabolic Profiling using MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging
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Microscopy ambient ionization top-down mass spectrometry reveals developmental patterning.

Cheng-Chih Hsu1, Nicholas M White, Marito Hayashi

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study integrates microscopy with mass spectrometry to analyze mouse spinal cord molecules. The method reveals detailed molecular patterns, including protein and metabolite variations, in complex biological tissues.

Keywords:
ambient MScentral nervous systemembryogenesislight microscopytop-down MS analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Biological systems exhibit significant cellular and molecular heterogeneity.
  • Understanding this heterogeneity requires advanced analytical techniques capable of in situ molecular characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the utility of coupling an inverted light microscope with an ambient ionization source (nanospray electrospray desorption ionization) and a high-resolution mass spectrometer.
  • To characterize the molecular composition of mouse spinal cords using an integrated imaging and mass spectrometry approach.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of an inverted light microscope with a nanospray electrospray desorption ionization source and a high-resolution mass spectrometer.
  • Application of top-down mass spectrometry (MS) for molecular analysis.
  • In situ ambient mass spectral analysis of mouse spinal cord tissue.

Main Results:

  • Detection of a wide array of molecules, including peptides, proteins, lipids, sugars, S-adenosyl methionine, and glutathione.
  • Top-down MS analysis revealed variations in hemoglobin (Hb) expression, including fetal to adult transitions and subunit heterogeneity.
  • Observed temporal changes in actin-sequestering proteins, such as β-thymosins, during development.

Conclusions:

  • Interfacing microscopy with ambient ionization enables targeted in situ ambient top-down mass spectral analysis.
  • This integrated approach is effective for studying molecular patterns in biologically heterogeneous samples.
  • The method provides insights into the spatial and temporal distribution of proteins, lipids, and sugars.