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Related Concept Videos

The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER01:27

Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER

A sizable fraction of proteins destined for ER are first synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the ER membrane–a process called post-translational translocation. Similar to cotranslationally translocated proteins, these proteins also use the Sec translocon complex to enter the ER lumen.
Targeting proteins to the ER
Hsp40 and Hsp70 chaperone molecules bind the translated proteins in the cytosol to prevent their folding. The chaperone binding helps to keep the signal...
Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis

The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
The recycling endosome is not a single organelle but an extensively tubulated network of recycling pathways. It functions in storing molecules or transporting them across...
Restriction Enzymes01:11

Restriction Enzymes

Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes used to cut DNA in a sequence-specific manner. To cleave DNA, they bind to specific palindromic sequences called restriction sites. Such palindromic DNA sequences or inverted repeats are commonly found in regions of functional significance, such as the origin of replication, gene operator sites, and regions containing transcription termination signals.
The host bacteria protect their own genomic DNA from these enzymes by methylating these sites. Some...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Principles of Site-Specific Recombinase (SSR) Technology
07:06

Principles of Site-Specific Recombinase (SSR) Technology

Published on: May 29, 2008

Recist and beyond.

E Coche1

  • 1Department of Medical Imaging, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium. Emmanuel.coche@uclouvain.be

JBR-BTR : Organe De La Societe Royale Belge De Radiologie (SRBR) = Orgaan Van De Koninklijke Belgische Vereniging Voor Radiologie (KBVR)
|August 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Current tumor response evaluation using RECIST faces limitations due to anatomical measurement variability. This review explores advanced imaging techniques like PET-CT to enhance tumor assessment beyond traditional RECIST criteria.

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In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
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In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
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In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The evaluation of tumor response is crucial in cancer treatment and is rapidly evolving.
  • Current Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) primarily relies on anatomical changes observed in imaging.
  • RECIST 1.1 has limitations, including significant inter- and intra-observer variability in delineating tumor margins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current RECIST 1.1 criteria and highlight their inherent limitations.
  • To explore and evaluate emerging imaging solutions for more accurate tumor response assessment.
  • To discuss the integration of advanced imaging techniques beyond classical anatomical measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on RECIST 1.1.
  • Analysis of limitations associated with RECIST 1.1 in tumor response evaluation.
  • Evaluation of advanced imaging modalities such as Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT).

Main Results:

  • RECIST 1.1, based on anatomical changes, exhibits considerable observer variability.
  • There is a growing need for updated criteria that incorporate functional and three-dimensional imaging data.
  • Emerging techniques like PET-CT offer potential solutions to overcome RECIST limitations.

Conclusions:

  • The limitations of RECIST 1.1 necessitate advancements in tumor response evaluation.
  • Integrating functional and 3D imaging data with updated criteria is essential.
  • New imaging technologies like PET-CT show promise for improved accuracy in assessing tumor response.