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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Intraductal Delivery to the Rabbit Mammary Gland

Intraductal Delivery to the Rabbit Mammary Gland

Published on: March 9, 2017

Interventional ductoscopy for pathological nipple discharge.

Fatih Levent Balci¹, Sheldon Marc Feldman

¹Division of Breast Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. flb2111@columbia.edu

Annals of Surgical Oncology

|August 27, 2013

Summary

Ductoscopic retrieval of solitary papilloma is a feasible and therapeutic option for pathologic nipple discharge (PND). This minimally invasive approach offers an alternative to duct excision for benign papillary lesions.

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Area of Science:

Minimally invasive surgery
Gastroenterology
Surgical oncology

Background:

Pathologic nipple discharge (PND) often necessitates duct excision, despite a low malignancy risk.
Intraductal papilloma is the most common cause of PND.
Current recommendations involve duct excision for PND, even with low malignancy likelihood.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the feasibility and therapeutic value of ductoscopic retrieval of solitary papillomas in patients with PND.
To evaluate ductoscopy as an alternative to traditional duct excision.

Main Methods:

Ductoscopic exploration was performed on consented patients with PND, excluding those with palpable masses or suspicious imaging.
A 1.1 mm flexible scope (LaDuScope-T flex) with a microbasket allowed papilloma extraction.
Patients with sessile papillomas or failed extraction underwent ductoscopically guided microductectomy.

Main Results:

Two patients with nonsessile papillomas had successful ductoscopic extraction (30-35 min procedure time).
One patient with a sessile papilloma underwent successful microductectomy.
No recurrence of discharge or malignancy was observed in patients after a 5-year follow-up.

Conclusions:

Interventional ductoscopy offers an incisionless therapeutic option for PND caused by nonsessile papillary lesions.
This technique provides a minimally invasive alternative for diagnosing and treating benign papillary lesions causing PND.