Multiscale relationships between fibronectin structure and functional properties.

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Cell Biology
• Biophysics

Background:

• Cell behavior is regulated by the extracellular matrix (ECM), with fibronectin (Fn) fibers playing a key role in dynamic biological processes like development and wound healing.
• The fibrillar structure of Fn influences cell adhesion, growth factor signaling, matrix stiffness, and ligand binding, all of which are critical for in vivo cell functions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize recent research linking the molecular properties of fibronectin (Fn) to the bulk characteristics of Fn matrix fibers.
• To elucidate the mechanobiological functions of Fn by understanding its molecular arrangement and intermolecular interactions within assembled fibers.

Main Methods:

• Review of studies investigating isolated Fn fibers to characterize material properties.
• Integration of experimental data with computational models of Fn molecular behavior within fibers.

Main Results:

• The multiscale architecture of Fn fibers dictates critical parameters such as ligand density, porosity for signaling molecules, and mechanical stiffness.
• Mechanical strain applied to the ECM alters these architectural and material properties of Fn fibers.
• Studies have begun to reveal the molecular arrangement and intermolecular forces within Fn fibers.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the relationship between Fn molecular properties and bulk fiber characteristics is crucial for comprehending its mechanobiological roles.
• Fn fibers are key regulators of cell behavior, with their properties dynamically modulated by mechanical forces in the ECM.