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Measurement of tanning dependence
C J Heckman1, S Darlow, J D Kloss
1Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center.
Summary
Indoor tanning dependence is a concern, but existing measures like the modified Cut-down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener Scale (mCAGE) and modified Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition - Text Revised (mDSM-IV-TR) need validation. The Tanning Pathology Scale (TAPS) showed better psychometric properties.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Public Health
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Indoor tanning is recognized as addictive, yet validated measures for tanning dependence are lacking.
- Existing assessment tools require rigorous psychometric evaluation to ensure reliability and accuracy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the psychometric properties of three tanning dependence measures: modified Cut-down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener Scale (mCAGE), modified Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition - Text Revised (mDSM-IV-TR), and Tanning Pathology Scale (TAPS).
- To compare these scales and offer recommendations for their use in research and clinical practice.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional online survey was administered to female university students aged 18-25.
- Tanning dependence was assessed using the mCAGE, mDSM-IV-TR, and TAPS scales.
Main Results:
- The Tanning Pathology Scale (TAPS) demonstrated good internal consistency for its subscales, unlike the mCAGE and mDSM-IV-TR which showed poor consistency unless items were combined.
- Fair agreement was observed between the mCAGE and mDSM-IV-TR. Factor analysis supported the TAPS's four-factor structure.
- All scales correlated significantly with each other and with other tanning attitude/behavior measures, except for the TAPS tolerance subscale, which showed low reliability and no correlation with attitudes or behaviors.
Conclusions:
- Recommendations are provided for the appropriate use of tanning dependence measures based on findings and existing literature.
- Approximately 5% of college women may be classified as tanning dependent across measures, suggesting a need for intervention.
- Monitoring individuals exhibiting symptoms of tanning dependence is warranted.
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