Two- and three-dimensional phase contrast MR angiography of the abdomen

Protocols for two- and three-dimensional phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography of the major vessels in the abdomen were developed and demonstrated in healthy volunteers. Phase contrast imaging provides excellent suppression of stationary tissue signal and can be used to quantify the speed and direction of flow in a given vessel. The two-dimensional protocols provide rapid breath-held images, which proved useful for anatomical localization. The three-dimensional studies required longer acquisition times but provided superior image quality. Artifacts from bowel and respiratory motion were not significant with either protocol. Vasculature detected includes the renal, splenic, hepatic, and mesenteric systems as well as the aorta and inferior vena cava.