Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
Drug Concentrations: Measurements01:23

Drug Concentrations: Measurements

Drug concentration is the quantity of a drug present in a biological sample. Measuring drug amounts in biological samples allows the clinician to understand how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Samples can be obtained through invasive or non-invasive methods. Invasive techniques involve surgical or parenteral interventions to gather blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue biopsy. Conversely, non-invasive approaches provide samples like urine, feces, and saliva.
Plasma —...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction01:23

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its effects by...
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ01:09

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ

In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin or DPDPE for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Antemortem toxicological and behavioral findings of drivers involved in fatal traffic crashes: a comparative analysis of charged and uncharged individuals.

Traffic injury prevention·2026
Same author

Assisted reproductive technology trends in Korea: Annual report for 2022.

Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine·2025
Same author

Innovations in assisted reproductive technology through the advances in artificial intelligence and image processing.

Obstetrics & gynecology science·2025
Same author

Editors' Response to the Letter to the Editor by Aquilina et al.

Journal of analytical toxicology·2025
Same author

Age-Independent Serum AMH Levels in Women With PCOS Defined by the 2018 Evidence-Based Guideline Diagnostic Criteria: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Clinical endocrinology·2025
Same author

Application of professional best practices in postmortem forensic toxicology.

Journal of analytical toxicology·2025
Same journal

Administration Study of Bedinvetmab, an Antinerve Growth Factor Monoclonal Antibody, in Horses for Doping Control Purposes.

Drug testing and analysis·2026
Same journal

Correlation of Androstenedione and Testosterone Measurements by LC-MS/MS and GC-qTOF.

Drug testing and analysis·2026
Same journal

Reproducibility of Serum Androgen Concentrations by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry in Healthy Male and Female Athletes.

Drug testing and analysis·2026
Same journal

Isolation and Characterization of New Tadalafil Analogues in Male Sexual Herbal Supplements.

Drug testing and analysis·2026
Same journal

Comparison of RNA Extraction Method for Human Whole Blood: Assessing the Quality, Quantity, and Impact of RBC Lysis Across TRIzol, Invitrogen, and Qiagen Systems.

Drug testing and analysis·2026
Same journal

Exploring the Potential of Population-Optimized Red Blood Cell Antigens and Platelet HLA Typing for Homologous Blood Transfusion Detection in Japanese Athletes.

Drug testing and analysis·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Oromucosal as an Alternative Method for Administration of Cannabis Products in Rodents
03:43

Oromucosal as an Alternative Method for Administration of Cannabis Products in Rodents

Published on: August 22, 2025

Current knowledge on cannabinoids in oral fluid.

Dayong Lee1, Marilyn A Huestis

  • 1Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.

Drug Testing and Analysis
|August 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oral fluid drug testing offers a non-invasive method for detecting recent cannabinoid use. Understanding pharmacokinetic properties and detection windows is crucial for accurate interpretation of oral fluid cannabinoid results.

Keywords:
cannabinoidcannabisdelta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolmarijuanaoral fluidsaliva

More Related Videos

Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Cannabidiolic Acid from Cannabis Biomass
05:46

Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Cannabidiolic Acid from Cannabis Biomass

Published on: May 27, 2022

Development of a Preclinical Inhalation Model to Test Vaporized Cannabis Distillates
06:09

Development of a Preclinical Inhalation Model to Test Vaporized Cannabis Distillates

Published on: May 30, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Oromucosal as an Alternative Method for Administration of Cannabis Products in Rodents
03:43

Oromucosal as an Alternative Method for Administration of Cannabis Products in Rodents

Published on: August 22, 2025

Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Cannabidiolic Acid from Cannabis Biomass
05:46

Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Cannabidiolic Acid from Cannabis Biomass

Published on: May 27, 2022

Development of a Preclinical Inhalation Model to Test Vaporized Cannabis Distillates
06:09

Development of a Preclinical Inhalation Model to Test Vaporized Cannabis Distillates

Published on: May 30, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Pharmacology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Oral fluid (OF) is an emerging biological matrix for drug testing, offering advantages over traditional methods.
  • Cannabinoids are frequently tested analytes, necessitating robust OF detection methods.
  • Existing research highlights the need for comprehensive data on OF cannabinoid analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on cannabinoids in oral fluid.
  • To evaluate pharmacokinetic properties, detection windows, and correlations with other matrices and impairment.
  • To assess OF screening and confirmatory methods, stability, and influencing factors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on oral fluid cannabinoid testing.
  • Analysis of data from field applications and controlled drug administration studies.
  • Evaluation of analytical techniques, stability studies, and factors affecting sample integrity.

Main Results:

  • Oral fluid Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations can exceed 1000 µg/L shortly after smoking.
  • Minor cannabinoids and metabolites are detected at significantly lower concentrations.
  • Interpretation requires understanding distinct elimination profiles influenced by administration route, dose, and history.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate interpretation of OF cannabinoid tests demands knowledge of specific elimination profiles and detection windows.
  • Drug testing programs must establish tailored cut-off criteria, procedures, and storage conditions.
  • Further research is needed on passive exposure, drug history, and oral metabolism to enhance OF testing applicability.