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[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.

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Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.

Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions

A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds.
Chemical Reactions Rearrange Atoms into New Substances
A chemical reaction takes starting materials—the reactants—and changes them into different...

Chemical Reactions

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A balanced chemical equation provides the information of chemical formulas of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change. A reaction’s stoichiometry helps predict how much of the reactant is needed to produce the desired amount of product, or in some cases, how much product will be formed from a specific amount of the reactant.
The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in a balanced chemical equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. However, in...

Dynamic Equilibrium

Dynamic Equilibrium

A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

[The research progress of dynamic combinatorial chemistry].

Wei He¹, Peng-Wei She, Zheng Fang

¹School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China.

Yao Xue Xue Bao = Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

|August 30, 2013

Summary

Dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) is a powerful technique for identifying molecular ligands with high binding affinity. This method amplifies target-interacting molecules within a one-pot synthesis and screening process.

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

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Area of Science:

Medicinal Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Biochemistry

Background:

Dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) integrates library synthesis and screening into a single process.
DCC is a rapidly advancing field with broad applications in various scientific disciplines.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the core principles and methodologies of dynamic combinatorial chemistry.
To highlight the critical components influencing DCC success: molecular targets, reaction types, and analytical methods.

Main Methods:

Focuses on the three key factors in DCC: molecular targets (enzymes, nucleic acids, etc.), reaction chemistries (disulfide, hydrazone), and analytical techniques.
Discusses the amplification of ligands that exhibit binding affinity to a specific molecular target.

Main Results:

Demonstrates how DCC facilitates the identification of high-affinity ligands through target-mediated amplification.
Highlights the successful application of DCC in lead discovery and materials chemistry.

Conclusions:

DCC offers an efficient strategy for discovering molecules with specific binding properties.
The review covers limitations, current status, and future prospects of dynamic combinatorial chemistry.