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Gender difference and characteristics attributed to coronary artery disease in Gaza-Palestine
Amal Jamee1, Yehia Abed, Marwan O Jalambo
1Foods and chemicals Products Laboratories, Ministry of National Economy. moj_biology@yahoo.com.
Insights
Coronary artery disease (CAD) affects both men and women, though risk factors and presentation differ. This study analyzed cardiovascular risk factors to understand gender disparities in CAD, finding certain patient characteristics place females at higher risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) historically underrepresented women in research.
- Cardiovascular disease risk escalates with age in both sexes.
- Identified modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors influence CAD development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the extent to which cardiovascular risk factors explain gender differences in CAD.
- To analyze gender-specific patterns in CAD risk factors and clinical presentation.
- To highlight emerging knowledge on gender disparities in CAD risk and intervention response.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of 155 cardiac patients at Al-shifa Hospital, Gaza.
- Data collected on smoking, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and family history.
- Statistical analysis included frequency, cross-tabulation, and Chi-square tests (P<0.05 significance).
Main Results:
- Females generally exhibited more favorable risk factor profiles but higher rates of chronic angina.
- Males experienced myocardial infarction twice as often as females.
- Approximately 77% of females had two or more diseased vessels; low ejection fraction (<50%) correlated with more affected vessels.
Conclusions:
- CAD remains a significant issue for both genders.
- Specific patient characteristics and clinical conditions may increase female risk for CAD development or progression.
- Understanding gender differences in CAD risk factors and intervention response is crucial.
Unlabelled:
Traditionally coronary artery disease (CAD) has been considered as disease affecting men, and for long time women were not included in researches programme. In both sexes, coronary heart disease risk increases with age. Extensive clinical and statistical studies have identified serial factors that increase the risk of coronary heart disease, some of them can be modified, and some cannot. This study was performed to analyze the extent to which cardiovascular risk factors can explain the gender difference in coronary heart disease.
Methods:
The study design is a cross sectional study based on 155 cardiac patients admitted to cardiology department in Al-shifa hospital Gaza. The following cardiac risk factors were determined from the patient's records, smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, Dyslipedemia and presence of family history of coronary artery disease. Catheterization results review were done. Statistical Package for Social Science version 17 was used for data entry and analysis. Frequency and cross tabulation were done to explore the relationship between the study variables. Chi-square test was used for testing statistical and P-value less than 0.05 were considered as significant.
Results:
Most of risk factors were more favorable in females and increase with age. Myocardial infarction in male compared with female was 2 times higher, and chronic angina pain is common in female than male respectively 71.4% and 46.7%. Around 77% of female have two vessels disease and more. No great differences in number of diseased vessels among patients with myocardial infarction or chronic stable angina. Patients with low EF <50% have higher chance of affected vessels (82.9%).
Conclusion:
CAD stay the major problem in male and female, certain patient's characteristics and clinical conditions may place female at higher risk of coronary artery disease development or progression. This article addresses emerging knowledge regarding gender differences in CAD risk factors and responsiveness to risk reduction interventions.
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