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Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

Colloids and Suspensions

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods

Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative Analysis

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The Colloidal State

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography

Published on: January 25, 2019

Calamine lotion: experimenting with a new suspending agent.

A Al-Achi¹, R Greenwood, A Akin-Isijola

¹Campbell University School of Pharmacy, Buies Creek, NC 27506.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding

|August 30, 2013

Summary

Tahini, a sesame paste, can effectively replace bentonite magma as a suspending agent in calamine lotion. This study found tahini improved the physical stability of calamine lotion formulations.

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Area of Science:

Pharmaceutical Sciences
Materials Science

Background:

Calamine lotion, a common topical treatment, utilizes bentonite magma as its suspending agent.
The need for alternative suspending agents in pharmaceutical formulations is ongoing.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficacy of tahini as a novel suspending agent in calamine lotion.
To evaluate the impact of replacing bentonite magma with tahini on the physical stability and rheological properties of calamine lotion.

Main Methods:

Calamine lotion formulations were prepared using varying percentages (25% to 100%) of tahini as a replacement for bentonite magma.
Sedimentation volume and degree of flocculation were measured to assess physical stability.
Rheological characteristics were determined for all prepared suspensions.

Main Results:

Lotions with 100% tahini showed a significantly higher sedimentation volume (0.851) compared to 100% bentonite (0.723).
The degree of flocculation was also higher in 100% tahini formulations (2.35) versus 100% bentonite (2.00).
All tested calamine lotion suspensions exhibited pseudoplastic flow.

Conclusions:

Tahini demonstrates potential as an effective suspending agent in calamine lotion.
Partial or complete replacement of bentonite magma with tahini can enhance the physical stability of calamine lotion.
Tahini offers a promising alternative for improving topical formulation stability.