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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Simultaneous Multi-surface Anodizations and Stair-like Reverse Biases Detachment of Anodic Aluminum Oxides in Sulfuric and Oxalic Acid Electrolyte
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Hoop-strong nanotubes for battery electrodes.

Khim Karki1, Yujie Zhu, Yihang Liu

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.

ACS Nano
|August 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Nickel coatings on silicon nanotubes significantly improve lithium-ion battery electrode stability and capacity retention, even at high mass loadings. This approach offers a scalable solution for advanced battery applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Silicon-based anodes are promising for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries but suffer from volume expansion instability.
  • Silicon nanotubes (SiNTs) with SiOx coatings show improved performance at low mass loadings.
  • High mass loading electrodes with minimal SiOx coating exhibit poor capacity retention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the performance of silicon nanotubes (SiNTs) in high mass loading lithium-ion battery electrodes.
  • To investigate the effect of nickel (Ni) functional coatings on SiNT stability and capacity retention.
  • To understand the mechanism behind Ni coating-induced performance improvements.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of SiNTs with varying SiOx coatings.

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  • Application of Ni functional coatings on SiNT surfaces.
  • Electrochemical performance testing at high mass loadings.
  • In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for observing structural changes.

    • Main Results:

    • Electrodes with negligible SiOx coating and high mass loading showed rapid capacity fading.
    • Ni-coated SiNTs demonstrated significantly enhanced capacity retention compared to uncoated or SiOx-coated counterparts.
    • In situ TEM revealed that Ni coatings redirected silicon wall expansion inward, mitigating outward swelling.
    • Ni coatings appear to stabilize the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer formation.

    Conclusions:

    • Nickel functional coatings are a viable strategy to improve the stability and performance of silicon nanotube electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, especially at industrially relevant high mass loadings.
    • The mechanism involves Ni coatings bearing hoop stress and directing silicon expansion inward, alongside improved electrolyte/surface stability.
    • This research provides critical insights for designing next-generation silicon anodes for advanced energy storage.