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Related Concept Videos

Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Biochemical Assays for Analyzing Activities of ATP-dependent Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes
10:14

Biochemical Assays for Analyzing Activities of ATP-dependent Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes

Published on: October 25, 2014

Understanding the chromatin remodeling code.

Misook Ha1

  • 1Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Corporation, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea. misook.ha@gmail.com

Plant Science : an International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology
|August 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chromatin remodeling shapes gene activity by organizing DNA. Combinations of epigenetic marks act as a code, influencing gene expression and potentially revealing biological markers missed by genetic studies.

Keywords:
ChIP-seqChromatin modificationsChromatin remodelingComputational analysisEpigenomicsH3K4me3chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencingsiRNAsmall interference RNAtri-methylations at histone H3 Lysine 4

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Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes
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Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes

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The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin
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The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Biochemical Assays for Analyzing Activities of ATP-dependent Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes
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Biochemical Assays for Analyzing Activities of ATP-dependent Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes

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Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes
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Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes

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The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin
24:02

The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin

Published on: April 11, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Chromatin structure dictates gene regulation and interactions between DNA elements and regulatory factors.
  • Chromatin signatures serve as indicators of underlying genetic element activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on the role of chromatin remodeling marks in gene regulation.
  • To explore the relationship between DNA sequence and chromatin remodeling.
  • To highlight the potential of chromatin remodeling in identifying novel biological markers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on chromatin remodeling.
  • Analysis of research on chromatin remodeling marks and their arrangements (chromatin code).
  • Examination of studies linking DNA sequence contexts to chromatin remodeling.

Main Results:

  • Combinations and arrangements of chromatin remodeling marks function as a 'chromatin code' influencing genetic element activity.
  • Primary DNA sequence contexts are associated with chromatin remodeling, suggesting gene-epigenetic interactions.
  • Chromatin remodeling provides models for gene expression and morphological variations.

Conclusions:

  • Chromatin remodeling is crucial for condition-specific gene function and regulatory element interactions.
  • Understanding the chromatin code can elucidate gene activity.
  • Chromatin remodeling may uncover biological marks undetectable by traditional genetic or genome-wide association studies.