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Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

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Temperament, character and personality disorders.

P Jylhä¹, M Ketokivi, O Mantere

¹Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Jorvi Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Espoo, Finland.

European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists

|August 31, 2013

Summary

Temperament and character traits show good medium-term stability in patients. Personality disorder patients have lower character scores, but temperament differences vary by specific personality disorder.

Keywords:

Character Comorbidity Personality Personality disorder Temperament

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Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Psychology
Personality Disorders

Background:

Personality disorders (PD) are complex mental health conditions.
Understanding the stability and characteristics of personality traits in PD is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a tool used to assess these traits.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the temporal stability of temperament and character traits over time.
To investigate differences in these traits between patients with and without PD.
To explore variations in traits among patients with specific PD subtypes.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal study involving patients with and without PD from multiple cohorts (Jorvi Bipolar Study, Vantaa Depression Study, Vantaa Primary Care Depression Study).
Interviews conducted at baseline, 18 months, and 5 years (for VDS).
A general population comparison group surveyed by mail.

Main Results:

Patients with PD exhibited lower scores in self-directedness and cooperativeness compared to non-PD patients.
Specific PD clusters (B and C) were associated with high Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance, respectively.
The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) demonstrated moderate sensitivity and high specificity for detecting PD, with good 18-month test-retest reliability (0.58-0.82).

Conclusions:

The TCI shows good medium-term temporal stability in a clinical population.
Significant differences in character traits exist between PD and non-PD patients.
Temperament trait differences are less pronounced across specific PD subtypes, and TCI captures only part of the PD-related differences.