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Related Concept Videos

Migration00:53

Migration

Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
Nonconscious Mimicry01:13

Nonconscious Mimicry

Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
Social Loafing01:37

Social Loafing

Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated, individuals become less...
Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other01:20

Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other

According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group effort.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Migratory Behavior of Cells Generated in Ganglionic Eminence Cultures
06:34

Migratory Behavior of Cells Generated in Ganglionic Eminence Cultures

Published on: April 21, 2011

Social learning of migratory performance.

Thomas Mueller1, Robert B O'Hara, Sarah J Converse

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. muellert@gmail.com

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Whooping crane migration success relies on social learning, not genetics. Older birds guide younger ones, improving migratory accuracy by 38% after 7 years of experience.

Area of Science:

  • Ornithology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Bird migration is a complex phenomenon influenced by genetics, individual learning, and social learning.
  • Understanding the interplay between these factors is crucial for conservation efforts, especially for endangered species like the whooping crane.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate the contributions of genetic and socially learned behaviors in whooping crane migration.
  • To assess the long-term impact of social learning on migratory performance in a reintroduced population.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 8 years of migration data from captive-bred whooping cranes.
  • Tracking migratory performance after initial artificial guidance by ultralight aircraft.
  • Statistical evaluation of the effects of social learning from experienced birds and genetic relatedness on migration accuracy.

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Analyzing Spatial Learning and Prosocial Behavior in Mice Using the Barnes Maze and Damsel-in-Distress Paradigms
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Analyzing Spatial Learning and Prosocial Behavior in Mice Using the Barnes Maze and Damsel-in-Distress Paradigms

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Migratory Behavior of Cells Generated in Ganglionic Eminence Cultures
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Analyzing Spatial Learning and Prosocial Behavior in Mice Using the Barnes Maze and Damsel-in-Distress Paradigms
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Main Results:

  • No significant effect of genetic relatedness on migratory performance was found.
  • Evidence of long-term social learning was observed in subsequent migrations without artificial guidance.
  • Social learning from experienced conspecifics significantly reduced deviations from a straight-line migratory path.

Conclusions:

  • Social learning plays a critical role in successful whooping crane migration, outweighing genetic predispositions.
  • Experience and social transmission of migratory routes enhance navigational accuracy and efficiency.
  • Conservation strategies can leverage social learning mechanisms to improve reintroduction success for migratory birds.