Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 8, 2026
09:47
Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells
Published on: July 2, 2013
Drug-induced gingival enlargement: an overview
Michelle L Moffitt1, Davide Bencivenni, Robert E Cohen
1Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, School of Dental Medicine, USA.
Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995)
|September 3, 2013
Summary
Drug-induced gingival enlargement, first reported in 1939, is linked to specific medications. While mechanisms are unclear, factors like genetics and plaque control influence its development and resolution.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Oral Medicine
- Periodontology
Background:
- Drug-induced gingival enlargement (DIGE) is a known adverse drug reaction.
- First documented in 1939, DIGE is associated with specific medications.
- The precise biological mechanisms underlying DIGE remain incompletely understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of drug-induced gingival enlargement.
- To explore the multifactorial etiology and potential mechanisms of DIGE.
- To highlight the role of plaque control in managing DIGE.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of documented cases and research on drug-induced gingival enlargement.
- Analysis of contributing factors including genetics, local conditions, and medication properties.
- Evaluation of clinical evidence regarding plaque control efficacy.
Main Results:
- Specific medications are consistently linked to gingival overgrowth.
- A multifactorial etiology involving age, genetics, and local factors is implicated.
- Improved plaque control demonstrates partial resolution of DIGE in clinical observations.
Conclusions:
- Drug-induced gingival enlargement is a complex condition with multifactorial origins.
- While plaque control aids resolution, other factors like drug kinetics and growth factors may play a role.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of DIGE.
Related Concept Videos
01:27The Oral Microbiota
The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
01:23Cirrhosis I: Introduction
Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
01:26Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...
01:28Graves' Disease I: Introduction
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
01:06Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...
01:27Goiter
Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...