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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Birth-associated long-bone fractures.

Asma Basha1, Zouhair Amarin, Freih Abu-Hassan

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
|September 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal long-bone fractures are rare, occurring in 0.23 per 1000 live births. Emergency cesarean delivery increases fracture risk, but all fractures healed well with no lasting issues.

Keywords:
Cesarean deliveryFemur fractureHumerus fracture

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Creating Rigidly Stabilized Fractures for Assessing Intramembranous Ossification, Distraction Osteogenesis, or Healing of Critical Sized Defects
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Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation
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Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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Creating Rigidly Stabilized Fractures for Assessing Intramembranous Ossification, Distraction Osteogenesis, or Healing of Critical Sized Defects
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Creating Rigidly Stabilized Fractures for Assessing Intramembranous Ossification, Distraction Osteogenesis, or Healing of Critical Sized Defects

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Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation
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Published on: March 13, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Neonatal long-bone fractures are uncommon but can occur during birth.
  • Understanding risk factors and outcomes is crucial for clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence and outcomes of neonatal long-bone fractures.
  • To identify potential risk factors associated with these fractures.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of neonatal long-bone fractures at a tertiary hospital.
  • Data collected from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2010.
  • Inclusion of delivery route, birth weight, gestational age, and fracture type.

Main Results:

  • Incidence of neonatal long-bone fractures was 0.23 per 1000 live births.
  • Femur fractures were most common (0.17/1000), followed by humerus fractures (0.05/1000).
  • Emergency cesarean delivery was associated with a higher fracture risk; all fractures healed without deformity.

Conclusions:

  • Emergency cesarean delivery is a risk factor for neonatal long-bone fractures.
  • Prematurity, malpresentation, abnormal lie, and multiple pregnancies may predispose to fractures.
  • Birth-associated neonatal long-bone fractures have a favorable prognosis.