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Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants
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An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants

Published on: November 8, 2017

The model legume genomes.

Steven B Cannon1

  • 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|September 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus were primary legume models. Now, soybean and other sequenced legume genomes offer new genetic research models, highlighting genome structure impacts.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genomics
  • Molecular genetics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus have been established as primary model legumes due to their genetic tractability and available research resources.
  • Declining sequencing costs have facilitated the sequencing of additional legume genomes, including crops like soybean, elevating them to the status of genetic models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a broader range of model legume species.
  • To discuss similarities and differences in sequenced legume genomes.
  • To outline available computational resources for legume species research.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics analysis of sequenced legume genomes.
  • Examination of genome structural characteristics and gene family redundancy.
  • Review of computational and molecular genetic resources.

Main Results:

  • Legume genomes exhibit varying structural characteristics impacting functional genomic research.
  • Medicago truncatula and Glycine max (soybean) show gene family redundancy, but differ in duplication types (local vs. whole-genome-derived).
  • Understanding gene environments and genome structure is crucial for all legume model and crop species.

Conclusions:

  • The definition of model legumes has expanded beyond Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus.
  • Comparative genomic insights reveal distinct structural features and redundancy patterns across legume species.
  • Genome structure considerations are vital for advancing functional genomics in diverse legume research systems.