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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

An Experimental Human DIEP Flap Model to Investigate Preservation Strategies for Vascularized Composite Allografts and Free Flaps
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An Experimental Human DIEP Flap Model to Investigate Preservation Strategies for Vascularized Composite Allografts and Free Flaps

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Functional anconeus free flap for thenar reconstruction: a cadaveric study.

Zhi Yang Ng1, Sze Wei Justin Lee, Jennifer H Mitchell

  • 1School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ Scotland UK.

Hand (New York, N.Y.)
|September 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Free functioning muscle transfer (FFMT) of the anconeus muscle offers a promising solution for thumb opposition restoration. Anatomical study confirms the anconeus

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Microsurgery
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Restoring thumb opposition after thenar soft tissue defects is a surgical challenge.
  • Free functioning muscle transfer (FFMT) is a reconstructive option.
  • The anconeus muscle has not been previously utilized for thenar reconstruction via FFMT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the anatomical suitability of the anconeus muscle for FFMT in thenar reconstruction.
  • To compare the anconeus muscle's anatomical features with the abductor pollicis brevis (APB).

Main Methods:

  • Dissection of the anconeus muscle, APB, and their neurovasculature in eight cadaveric upper extremities.
  • Quantitative measurements of muscle architecture and neurovascular supply using calipers and ImageJ software.
Keywords:
AnconeusCadaveric studyFree flapThenar reconstruction

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  • Assessment of vascular pedicle length and caliber for microsurgical anastomosis.

    • Main Results:

    • The anconeus muscle exhibited larger mean fiber length and area compared to the APB.
    • No significant differences were found in mean fiber angles and neurovascular supply between the anconeus and APB.
    • The anconeus' vascular pedicle (recurrent posterior interosseous artery) and venae comitans are adequate for microsurgical anastomosis.

    Conclusions:

    • The anconeus muscle presents a sound anatomical basis for FFMT in thenar reconstruction.
    • Potential advantages include reliable anatomy, minimal donor site morbidity, and improved functional restoration.
    • This one-stage procedure may offer a greater degree of thumb opposition and function.