Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

Inflammation

Inflammation

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...

Inflammatory Response

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

In Vivo Imaging of Small Molecular Weight Peptides for Targeted Renal Drug Delivery: A Study in Normal and Polycystic Kidney Diseased Mice.

The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics·2019

Same author

Increased Expression of Resistin in MicroRNA-155-Deficient White Adipose Tissues May Be a Possible Driver of Metabolically Healthy Obesity Transition to Classical Obesity.

Frontiers in physiology·2018

Same author

MicroRNA-155 Deficiency Leads to Decreased Atherosclerosis, Increased White Adipose Tissue Obesity, and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A NOVEL MOUSE MODEL OF OBESITY PARADOX.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2016

Same author

Interleukin-17A Promotes Aortic Endothelial Cell Activation via Transcriptionally and Post-translationally Activating p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2016

Same author

Early hyperlipidemia promotes endothelial activation via a caspase-1-sirtuin 1 pathway.

Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology·2015

Same author

Metabolomic analyses for atherosclerosis, diabetes, and obesity.

Biomarker research·2013

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

Published on: May 6, 2014

Regulatory T cells and Atherosclerosis.

Jahaira Lopez Pastrana¹, Xiaojin Sha, Anthony Virtue

¹Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140.

Journal of Clinical & Experimental Cardiology

|September 3, 2013

Summary

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for immune balance and may protect against atherosclerosis. Further clinical studies are needed to fully understand their role in human cardiovascular disease.

Keywords:

atherosclerosis immune suppression regulatory T cells vascular inflammation

More Related Videos

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas

Published on: July 1, 2011

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

Published on: August 20, 2007

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

Published on: May 6, 2014

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas

Published on: July 1, 2011

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

Published on: August 20, 2007

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cardiovascular Medicine
Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving innate and adaptive immunity.
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are vital for immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune conditions.
Tregs suppress inflammation and possess atheroprotective properties through cytokine secretion and effector T cell regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the established roles of Tregs in immune regulation and experimental atherosclerosis.
To highlight the potential atheroprotective functions of Tregs.
To identify the need for further clinical characterization of Treg roles in human atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

Review of existing in vivo and in vitro studies on Tregs and atherosclerosis.
Analysis of Treg function, including cytokine secretion (IL-10, TGF-β, IL-35) and effector T cell suppression.
Comparison of Treg numbers in experimental models (ApoE-/- mice) and clinical studies of autoimmune diseases.

Main Results:

Tregs exhibit immunosuppressive functions, secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10 and TGF-β, which have atheroprotective effects.
Reduced Treg numbers in ApoE-/- mice correlate with increased atherosclerosis, suggesting a role in disease development.
Decreased Treg numbers are linked to increased disease activity in human autoimmune conditions.

Conclusions:

Tregs play a significant role in suppressing inflammatory and proatherogenic immune responses.
Evidence from experimental models suggests Tregs are atheroprotective.
The precise role of Tregs in clinical atherosclerosis requires further investigation.