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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...

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Methionine Functionalized Biocompatible Block Copolymers for Targeted Plasmid DNA Delivery
08:09

Methionine Functionalized Biocompatible Block Copolymers for Targeted Plasmid DNA Delivery

Published on: August 6, 2019

Pattern transfer using block copolymers.

Xiaodan Gu1, Ilja Gunkel, Thomas P Russell

  • 1Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|September 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) offers a promising solution for patterning sub-20 nm features, surpassing the limits of traditional photolithography. Further research is needed to overcome existing challenges for practical BCP applications in nanotechnology.

Keywords:
block copolymerlithographynanotechnologypattern transferself-assembly

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Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers
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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers
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Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers

Published on: June 30, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Semiconductor Manufacturing

Background:

  • Photolithography faces limitations in patterning sub-20 nm features, hindering progress towards Moore's Law.
  • Directed self-assembly (DSA) using block copolymers (BCPs) presents a viable alternative for nanoscale fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in block copolymer (BCP) lithography and directed self-assembly (DSA).
  • To identify challenges hindering the full implementation of BCPs in nanometre-scale patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on BCP lithography techniques.
  • Analysis of directed self-assembly (DSA) methodologies for BCPs.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been achieved in BCP lithography and DSA for nanoscale patterning.
  • BCPs demonstrate potential for creating features smaller than 20 nm.

Conclusions:

  • DSA of BCPs is a promising technology for next-generation lithography.
  • Overcoming current hurdles is crucial for the widespread adoption of BCPs in manufacturing.