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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

Distance esotropia in the elderly.

Daisy Godts¹, Danny G P Mathysen

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, , Antwerp, Belgium.

The British Journal of Ophthalmology

|September 5, 2013

Summary

Elderly patients with distance esotropia (ET) may experience gradual increases in eye misalignment and reduced divergence amplitudes. This common condition is benign, progresses slowly, and responds well to prism correction.

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Neuro-ophthalmology
Binocular Vision

Background:

Distance esotropia (ET) is an under-recognized condition in elderly individuals.
It can manifest as horizontal diplopia without neurological causes or lateral rectus underaction.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the clinical features of distance esotropia in the elderly.
To evaluate its progression and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

Prospective study of 87 elderly patients (62-91 years) with distance horizontal diplopia.
Assessment included ocular alignment, fusion amplitudes, and eye movements for distance and near fixation.

Main Results:

Distance esotropia ranged from 2-18 prism diopters (PD).

Keywords:

Distance esotropia divergence insufficiency horizontal diplopia prisms the elderly

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

Near deviations varied from 10 PD exophoria to 12 PD esophoria.

Six patients showed increased distance ET and decreased divergence amplitudes over 6-12 years.

Conclusions:

Age-related distance ET may slowly worsen with reduced fusional divergence.
The condition is benign, progresses slowly, and is effectively treated with prisms.
Surgery is reserved for severe cases.