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Related Concept Videos

In vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Daily Transfers, Archiving Populations, and Measuring Fitness in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli
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Daily Transfers, Archiving Populations, and Measuring Fitness in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli

Published on: August 18, 2023

Fold or hold: experimental evolution in vitro.

S Collins1, A Rambaut, S J Bridgett

  • 1Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Journal of Evolutionary Biology
|September 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a novel experimental evolution system using short oligonucleotides (Oli populations) in quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to study adaptive evolution. This system allows for tractable analysis at genetic, genomic, phenotypic, and fitness levels.

Keywords:
DNA hairpinadaptationaptamerexperimental evolutionpolymerase chain reaction

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In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Daily Transfers, Archiving Populations, and Measuring Fitness in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli
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Published on: August 18, 2023

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
09:16

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity

Published on: March 25, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Experimental evolution is crucial for understanding adaptation.
  • Existing models can be complex and limited in scope.
  • A tractable system for studying evolution at multiple levels is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel experimental evolution system using short oligonucleotides (Oli populations).
  • To demonstrate the system's tractability at genetic, genomic, phenotypic, and fitness levels.
  • To validate the system's utility in studying adaptive evolution under varying environmental change rates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a modified quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) setup.
  • Employing DNA hairpins designed for self-priming under specific conditions.
  • Quantifying fitness differences amplified and measured via qPCR.

Main Results:

  • The Oli system successfully supports populations of evolving oligonucleotides.
  • The system allows for detailed analysis of evolutionary dynamics.
  • Demonstrated adaptive evolution in response to different rates of environmental change.

Conclusions:

  • The Oli system provides a versatile and tractable platform for experimental evolution research.
  • It offers a new model for investigating evolutionary processes at a molecular level.
  • The system is suitable for studying adaptation under diverse selective pressures.