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The group Stramenopiles include some phototrophic microorganisms. Members of this group possess flagella covered in numerous short, hairlike extensions, a feature that inspired the group's name, derived from the Latin words for "straw" and "hair." Some of the main categories of Stramenopiles include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, with over 200 known genera. They play a key role in the planktonic communities of both marine and...
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Colonization of Euprymna scolopes Squid by Vibrio fischeri
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Published on: March 1, 2012

Allorecognition between compound ascidian colonies.

Yoshito Harada1

  • 1Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Sugashima, Toba 517-0004, Japan.

Zoological Science
|September 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The ascidian Botryllus schlosseri distinguishes self from non-self cells using a unique colony histocompatibility system. This complex self/non-self recognition is likely controlled by a cluster of genes at the fusion/histocompatibility (FuHC) locus, not a single gene.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Botryllus schlosseri, a colonial ascidian, exhibits asexual reproduction and forms colonies.
  • This species possesses a sophisticated mechanism to differentiate between self and non-self cells, crucial for defense against parasitic non-self cells from other individuals.
  • Adult colony histocompatibility is distinct from gametic allorecognition during fertilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic basis of adult colony histocompatibility in Botryllus schlosseri.
  • To explore the nature of the fusion/histocompatibility (FuHC) locus and its role in self/non-self discrimination.
  • To understand the genetic mechanisms underlying individual identity and colony recognition in this species.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews existing literature and genetic data concerning the fusion/histocompatibility (FuHC) locus in Botryllus schlosseri.
  • Analysis of previous findings on candidate genes, including the refuted cFuHC proposal.
  • Genetic and evolutionary considerations regarding the diversity of alleles required for histocompatibility.

Main Results:

  • The fusion/histocompatibility (FuHC) locus controls allorecognition in adult Botryllus schlosseri colonies.
  • A previously proposed candidate gene (cFuHC) was refuted, suggesting the determinant lies elsewhere within the FuHC locus.
  • The genetic diversity required for distinguishing self from non-self colonies makes a single-gene explanation unlikely.

Conclusions:

  • The fusion/histocompatibility (FuHC) locus in Botryllus schlosseri likely comprises a cluster of multiple determinants arranged in tandem.
  • This multi-determinant structure is necessary to generate the allelic diversity required for precise self/non-self recognition.
  • The complex genetic architecture of the FuHC locus underpins the species' ability to maintain colony integrity and defend against parasitism.