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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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pH Regulation in Cells01:28

pH Regulation in Cells

pH plays a critical role in maintaining normal cellular activities. It helps maintain the structure and function of various proteins, dictates the charge on cellular membranes, and is crucial for metabolic reactions inside the cell. Moreover, cells use the energy from the proton motive force to generate ATP.
Cytosolic pH
Under physiological conditions, the cytosolic pH is slightly more acidic than the extracellular pH. However, cells must prevent further acidification of their cytosol to...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Establishment of an Extracellular Acidic pH Culture System
09:41

Establishment of an Extracellular Acidic pH Culture System

Published on: November 19, 2017

Acidic extracellular microenvironment and cancer.

Yasumasa Kato1, Shigeyuki Ozawa, Chihiro Miyamoto

  • 1Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 963-8611, Koriyama, Japan. yasumasa-kato@umin.ac.jp.

Cancer Cell International
|September 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Tumor acidity, driven by lactate and CO2, promotes cancer progression and metastasis. This review highlights the critical role of extracellular pH in tumor microenvironment dynamics and cancer cell behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Tumor Microenvironment

Background:

  • Acidic extracellular pH is a hallmark of tumor tissue.
  • Tumor acidity is primarily attributed to lactate secretion from anaerobic glycolysis.
  • Other transporters and pumps also contribute to proton (H+) secretion, influencing tumor progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the significance of acidic extracellular pH as a microenvironmental factor in tumor progression.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which extracellular acidity influences cancer cell behavior and metastasis.
  • To discuss the association between extracellular acidity, hypoxia, and the cellular microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on tumor extracellular pH.
  • Analysis of clinicopathological evidence regarding proton secretion mechanisms.
  • Examination of signaling cascades induced by acidic extracellular pH.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular acidity activates lysosomal enzymes and induces pro-metastatic gene expression.
  • Transporters like Na+/H+ exchanger and H+-ATPase contribute to H+ secretion and may drive metastasis.
  • CO2 from the pentose phosphate pathway is an alternative source of acidity, independent of hypoxia.

Conclusions:

  • Acidic extracellular pH is a crucial microenvironmental factor actively participating in tumor progression.
  • Understanding the role of extracellular acidity is vital for developing novel cancer therapies.
  • Extracellular acidity and hypoxia, though independent, are interconnected within the tumor microenvironment.