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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...
Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

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For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

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Published on: June 19, 2018

Silver coins analyses by X-ray fluorescence methods.

L Torrisi1, A Italiano, M Cutroneo

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy.

Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology
|September 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-destructive X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis reveals the elemental composition of silver coins, aiding in identifying manufacturing technology and authenticity. This method accurately analyzes both surface and deeper layers, distinguishing genuine from counterfeit artifacts.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Archaeometry

Background:

  • Elemental composition analysis of silver coins provides insights into manufacturing processes and authenticity.
  • Distinguishing original from counterfeit coins is crucial for historical and economic reasons.
  • Non-destructive analytical techniques are preferred for preserving valuable artifacts.

Observation:

  • X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used for elemental analysis of recent and old silver coins.
  • XRF analyzed deeper layers, while SEM microbeam probed surface patina.
  • The influence of coin surface curvature on XRF measurements was studied and a corrective factor was developed.

Findings:

  • Elemental atomic composition was determined for both bulk and surface layers of silver coins.
  • Quantitative analysis of silver (Ag) using XRF showed an error of less than 10%.
  • Ag L-lines X-ray yield was found to be influenced by coin surface morphology and geometry.

Implications:

  • This non-destructive XRF methodology supports the identification of coin production technologies and workshops.
  • The technique is instrumental in distinguishing between original and counterfeit silver coins.
  • Accurate elemental analysis, including corrections for surface geometry, enhances the reliability of numismatic studies.