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On-chip terahertz spectroscopic techniques for measuring mesoscopic quantum systems.

C D Wood1, D Mistry, L H Li

  • 1School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.

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|September 7, 2013
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Summary
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We developed self-aligned on-chip devices integrating terahertz (THz) pulses with semiconductor systems for ultrafast property probing. This enables direct THz injection and detection in mesoscopic systems at cryogenic temperatures and high magnetic fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid State Physics
  • Terahertz Spectroscopy
  • Mesoscopic Systems

Background:

  • Ultrafast properties of confined semiconductor systems are crucial for advanced electronics.
  • Probing these properties requires sophisticated techniques capable of operating under extreme conditions like cryogenic temperatures and high magnetic fields.
  • Existing methods often lack the integration and in-situ control needed for comprehensive analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel self-aligned fabrication method for on-chip devices.
  • To enable direct injection and detection of terahertz (THz) pulses within mesoscopic semiconductor systems.
  • To investigate the ultrafast properties of two-dimensional electron systems (2DES) under cryogenic and high magnetic field conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of monolithic devices integrating waveguides with photoconductive switches and GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures containing 2DES.
  • Femtosecond laser excitation of in-plane photoconductive switches for on-chip THz pulse generation and detection.
  • In-situ dynamic adjustment of photoconductive excitation/detection for signal sampling.
  • Development of a sub-Kelvin excitation/detection method using a dilution refrigerator for photocurrent mapping.
  • Transmission measurements of THz transients through 2DES in a coplanar waveguide under magnetic fields.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated direct injection of on-chip THz pulses into mesoscopic systems.
  • Successfully sampled both input and output THz signals dynamically on a single device.
  • Developed and implemented a sub-Kelvin THz excitation/detection technique.
  • Mapped photocurrent and THz transients as a function of excitation position.
  • Achieved THz transient transmission through 2DES under magnetic fields at temperatures as low as 200 mK.

Conclusions:

  • The developed self-aligned on-chip devices offer a powerful platform for probing ultrafast properties of semiconductor systems.
  • The integration of THz technology with 2DES under extreme conditions opens new avenues for fundamental research and device applications.
  • The novel sub-Kelvin excitation/detection method enhances spatial resolution and control in THz spectroscopy.