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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
Joule-Thomson Effect01:21

Joule-Thomson Effect

The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
This experiment forces high-pressure gas through a throttle valve or a porous plug to a lower-pressure region. The gas expands as it passes through to...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I01:21

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I

There are different types of detectors used in gas chromatography, each with its own specific properties that make it suitable for detecting certain types of analytes. The most commonly used detectors in GC are thermal conductivity detector (TCD), flame ionization detector (FID), and electron capture detector (ECD).
TCD is the earliest and most widely used detector that operates by measuring the changes in the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas. When a sample compound enters the detector,...
Heat Engines01:10

Heat Engines

A heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work used for various applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can produce the work needed for driving the train.
Whenever we consider heat engines (and associated devices such as refrigerators and heat pumps), we do not use the standard sign convention for heat and work. For convenience, we assume that the symbols Qh, Qc, and W represent only the amounts of heat transferred...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel
10:03

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel

Published on: October 5, 2018

Note: thermal imaging enhancement algorithm for gas turbine aerothermal characterization.

S K Beer1, S A Lawson

  • 1U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science and Technology, National Energy Technology Laboratory, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd., Morgantown, West Virginia 26507-0880, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|September 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A new algorithm converts black and white camera images to thermal images for gas turbine cooling. This inexpensive infrared thermography method determines aerothermal characteristics without background radiation knowledge.

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Thermal Behavior and Power Efficiency Comparison of AC vs. DC Electrical Heating in a Distillation Column Using Infrared Thermography Analysis
06:21

Thermal Behavior and Power Efficiency Comparison of AC vs. DC Electrical Heating in a Distillation Column Using Infrared Thermography Analysis

Published on: December 5, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel
10:03

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel

Published on: October 5, 2018

Thermal Behavior and Power Efficiency Comparison of AC vs. DC Electrical Heating in a Distillation Column Using Infrared Thermography Analysis
06:21

Thermal Behavior and Power Efficiency Comparison of AC vs. DC Electrical Heating in a Distillation Column Using Infrared Thermography Analysis

Published on: December 5, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Aerothermal Engineering
  • Infrared Thermography
  • Gas Turbine Technology

Background:

  • Traditional gas turbine temperature monitoring relies on expensive infrared imaging systems.
  • Surface-mounted thermocouples are often required for calibration, adding complexity and cost.
  • Accurate aerothermal characteristic determination is crucial for advanced cooling concepts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel algorithm for converting radiation intensity images to thermal images.
  • To enable aerothermal characteristic assessment for gas turbine cooling applications.
  • To create a cost-effective and calibration-free infrared thermography method.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a unique algorithm utilizing black and white CCD camera data.
  • Conversion of radiation intensity images to thermal images.
  • Application of the method to analyze aerothermal characteristics of advanced cooling concepts.

Main Results:

  • Successfully converted radiation intensity images to thermal images without needing incident background radiation data.
  • Demonstrated the capability to determine aerothermal characteristics of advanced gas turbine cooling concepts.
  • Developed a system that is significantly less expensive than traditional infrared imaging systems.

Conclusions:

  • The developed algorithm offers a cost-effective and efficient solution for gas turbine aerothermal analysis.
  • This infrared thermography method eliminates the need for background radiation knowledge and thermocouple calibration.
  • The technique holds potential for advancing the design and efficiency of gas turbine cooling systems.