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Related Concept Videos

Heritability01:06

Heritability

541
Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic"...
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Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

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When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
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Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills
06:52

Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills

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Commentary: missing heritability, polygenic scores, and gene-environment correlation.

Robert Plomin1

  • 1MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK. robert.plomin@kcl.ac.uk

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
|September 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This special issue advances gene × environment (GE) interplay research by integrating diverse disciplines. It highlights key considerations for both genetic factors and environmental influences in complex interactions.

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Last Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills
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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Environmental Science
  • Interdisciplinary Research

Background:

  • Gene × environment (GE) interplay is crucial for understanding complex traits.
  • Previous research has often been siloed by discipline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advance the study of gene × environment (GE) interplay.
  • To foster constructive and creative approaches by integrating diverse disciplines.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of contributions from various scientific fields.
  • Identification of cross-cutting issues in GE research.

Main Results:

  • The special issue successfully integrates diverse perspectives on GE interplay.
  • Identified two key cross-cutting themes: one concerning genes and one concerning the environment.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of diverse disciplines is vital for advancing GE interplay research.
  • Further focus on specific genetic and environmental factors is needed for deeper understanding.