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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
07:56

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Published on: September 19, 2019

Stress at encoding, context at retrieval, and children's narrative content.

J Zoe Klemfuss1, Helen M Milojevich, Ilona S Yim

  • 1Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|September 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Stress impacts children's memory recall. Supportive questioning after stressful events helps children remember internal states like emotions and thoughts, influencing how they process past experiences.

Keywords:
AdolescentsChildrenInternal stateInterviewer supportNarrativeStress

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Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Childhood Stress Research

Background:

  • Previous research on stress and children's memory primarily used correlational designs.
  • Studies often focused on memory volume and accuracy, neglecting memory content.
  • The impact of stress during memory encoding and retrieval context is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the effects of manipulated stress during memory encoding on the content of children's memories.
  • To examine how interviewer support during memory retrieval moderates the impact of encoding stress.
  • To analyze how age, gender, stress, and support influence narrative memory content in children.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental manipulation of stress during a to-be-remembered event in 7-8 and 12-14 year olds.
  • Manipulation of interviewer support levels during memory retrieval.
  • Analysis of narrative reports for content, focusing on internal state terms (cognitions, emotions).

Main Results:

  • Children's age, gender, stress at encoding, and interviewer support significantly affected memory report content.
  • Across age groups, children reporting more stressful events, when questioned supportively, recalled a higher ratio of internal state information.
  • Supportive retrieval contexts appeared to buffer or alter the effects of encoding stress on memory content.

Conclusions:

  • The content of children's memories is influenced by both the stressfulness of the event and the retrieval environment.
  • Supportive questioning during recall can encourage the reporting of internal states, even after stressful experiences.
  • Findings highlight the dynamic interplay between event characteristics and social context in shaping children's memory processing.