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Related Concept Videos

The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Thoracic Spinal Cord Hemisection Surgery and Open-Field Locomotor Assessment in the Rat
06:44

Thoracic Spinal Cord Hemisection Surgery and Open-Field Locomotor Assessment in the Rat

Published on: June 26, 2019

Urodynamic studies in spinal cord tethering.

James T Kearns1, Domenic Esposito, Beverly Dooley

  • 1Comer Children's Hospital, The University of Chicago Medicine & Biological Sciences, IL 60637, USA.

Child'S Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
|September 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) can cause significant bladder dysfunction in patients. Management involves a multidisciplinary approach, prioritizing spinal cord detethering and tailored urological interventions to protect kidney function and improve quality of life.

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A Novel Vertebral Stabilization Method for Producing Contusive Spinal Cord Injury
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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Thoracic Spinal Cord Hemisection Surgery and Open-Field Locomotor Assessment in the Rat
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Published on: June 26, 2019

A Novel Vertebral Stabilization Method for Producing Contusive Spinal Cord Injury
09:24

A Novel Vertebral Stabilization Method for Producing Contusive Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: January 5, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) significantly impacts lower urinary tract function.
  • Manifestations include urinary retention, detrusor under-activity, incontinence, and sphincter dysfunction.
  • Management goals focus on renal protection and enhanced patient quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and management strategies for neurogenic bladder in TCS patients.
  • To emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in treating TCS-related urological issues.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive patient evaluation including history, physical examination, and voiding diaries.
  • Urodynamic studies to assess bladder and sphincter function.
  • Careful patient and family counseling, especially in the pediatric population.

Main Results:

  • Neurogenic bladder in TCS presents with diverse urinary symptoms.
  • Urodynamics are crucial for diagnosing bladder and sphincter dysfunction.
  • A stepwise treatment approach is effective, starting with detethering.

Conclusions:

  • Management options for neurogenic bladder in TCS include behavioral, medical, and surgical interventions.
  • Treatment selection is guided by symptoms, urodynamic findings, and patient/family preferences.
  • A specialized multidisciplinary team is critical for successful outcomes in TCS management.