Implant surface detoxification: a comprehensive review
Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 8, 2026

Effects of Mechanical Methods Used in Peri-implantitis Treatment on Implant Surface Decontamination and Roughness
Published on: March 14, 2025
Fernando Suarez1, Alberto Monje, Pablo Galindo-Moreno
1*Visiting Scholar, Graduate Periodontics, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI. †Professor, Department of Oral Surgery, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. ‡Professor and Director of Graduate Periodontics, Graduate Periodontics, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI.
Objective:
Nonsurgical treatment has been shown to be effective in dealing with inflammatory lesions around implant without bone loss. However, when bone loss is noticed, surgical treatment may be needed. Nonetheless, before the surgical approaches can be effective, the contaminated implant surface has to be detoxified. Many detoxifying agents/techniques have been proposed and have shown varieties of outcomes, these include but not limited to: citric acid, chlorhexidine, local and systemic antibiotics, hydrogen peroxide, air-powder abrasive, laser and photodynamic therapy, and implantoplasty using burs. Hence, the aim of this review was to evaluate them in terms of their ability in achieving implant surface detoxification.
Materials And Methods:
A search of PubMed and a hand search of articles were conducted up to December 2011. Different keywords related to the treatment of peri-implant diseases were used.
Results:
At this time, all techniques/agents have shown to be equally effective to detoxify the contaminated implant surface.
Conclusion:
Comparative studies of different detoxification methods are heterogeneous, leaving a few voids when selecting a specific technique for detoxifying the contaminated implant surface.
Related Concept Videos
Enhanced Elimination of Poison
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation
Several distinctive characteristics distinguish glutathione conjugation from other phase II...
Drug Elimination: Overview
Excretion refers to removing a drug from the body, either in its unchanged form or as its metabolites. Nonvolatile and polar drugs are primarily excreted through the kidneys, with other pathways including bile, sweat, saliva, and milk. Volatile drugs such as anesthetic gases are excreted via the...
Bioremediation
Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions
Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

