Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Second Order systems I

Second Order systems I

A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...

Second Order systems II

Second Order systems II

In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
If ζ...

One-Degree-of-Freedom System

One-Degree-of-Freedom System

In mechanical engineering, one-degree-of-freedom systems form the basis of a wide range of electrical and mechanical components. Using these models, engineers can predict the behavior of various parts in a larger system, which gives them insight into how different forces interact with each other.
A one-degree-of-freedom system is defined by an independent variable that determines its state and behavior. One example of a one-degree-of-freedom system is a simple harmonic oscillator, such as a...

Second Law: Motion under Same Force

Second Law: Motion under Same Force

Newton's laws can be applied to bodies at rest and bodies in motion. Newton's first law is applied to bodies in equilibrium, whereas the second law applies to accelerating bodies. To study accelerating bodies, first, the directions and magnitudes of acceleration and the applied forces are determined. Then, the free-body diagram is constructed, and Newton's second law is applied, considering the components of the forces in the x and y directions.
Let's imagine a person is standing on a weighing...

Second Law: Motion under Same Acceleration

Second Law: Motion under Same Acceleration

Newton's second law of motion applies to bodies moving under the same acceleration. For example, when a baggage tractor pulls luggage carts, each cart moves at the same acceleration as that of the tractor.

Mechanical Systems

Mechanical Systems

Mechanical systems are analogous to to electrical networks where springs and masses play similar roles to inductors and capacitors, respectively. A viscous damper in mechanical systems functions similarly to a resistor in electrical networks, dissipating energy. The forces acting on a mass in such systems include an applied force in the direction of motion, counteracted by forces from the spring, a viscous damper, and the mass's acceleration. This interplay of forces is mathematically described...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Critical role of EEG signals in assessment of sex-specific insights in neurological diagnostics via machine learning approach.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Psychophysically measuring the efficiency of rods.

Journal of vision·2025

Same author

No transfer of 3D-Multiple Object Tracking training on game performance in soccer: A follow-up study.

Psychology of sport and exercise·2024

Same author

Auditory Noise Facilitates Lower Visual Reaction Times in Humans.

Biology·2024

Same author

Investigating sensitivity to multi-domain prediction errors in chronic auditory phantom perception.

Scientific reports·2024

Same author

Phantom perception as a Bayesian inference problem: a pilot study.

Journal of neurophysiology·2024

Same journal

Analysis of human visual experience data.

Journal of vision·2026

Same journal

Pyramid-based Bayesian modeling for high-resolution behavioral analysis.

Journal of vision·2026

Same journal

Sensation without perception: The white whale effect and perceptual blindness in autonomous vehicles.

Journal of vision·2026

Same journal

Gaze behavior during closed-captioned movie viewing adapts to absent audio through more frequent switching between text and scene.

Journal of vision·2026

Same journal

In pursuit of saccade awareness: Limited volitional control and minimal conscious access to catch-up saccades during smooth pursuit eye movements.

Journal of vision·2026

Same journal

Dissociable effects of element-lifetime and stimulus-duration on local and global motion processing: An equivalent noise study.

Journal of vision·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions

MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions

Published on: May 10, 2012

No dedicated second-order motion system.

Rémy Allard¹, Jocelyn Faubert

¹Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. remy.allard@umontreal.ca

Journal of Vision

|September 10, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study found no evidence for a dedicated second-order motion system. Texture motion perception relies on first-order (distortion products) and feature tracking systems, not a separate second-order pathway.

Keywords:

feature-tracking motion residual distortion products second-order

More Related Videos

Robotic Mirror Therapy System for Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Arms

Robotic Mirror Therapy System for Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Arms

Published on: August 15, 2016

A Novel Single Animal Motor Function Tracking System Using Simple, Readily Available Software

A Novel Single Animal Motor Function Tracking System Using Simple, Readily Available Software

Published on: August 31, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions

MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions

Published on: May 10, 2012

Robotic Mirror Therapy System for Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Arms

Robotic Mirror Therapy System for Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Arms

Published on: August 15, 2016

A Novel Single Animal Motor Function Tracking System Using Simple, Readily Available Software

A Novel Single Animal Motor Function Tracking System Using Simple, Readily Available Software

Published on: August 31, 2018

Area of Science:

Visual perception
Motion processing
Neuroscience

Background:

The existence of a distinct second-order motion system is debated.
This system is proposed to process motion independently of first-order (luminance-defined) and feature-tracking mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the contribution of texture to motion perception.
To determine if a dedicated second-order motion system exists, independent of first-order and feature-tracking systems.

Main Methods:

Measured texture's contribution to motion in the near periphery, where attention's spatial resolution is limited.
Neutralized first-order motion system (via distortion products) and feature-tracking system contributions.
Compared texture motion perception within and beyond attentional spatial acuity.

Main Results:

Texture significantly contributed to motion within attentional acuity, regardless of distortion product neutralization.
When distortion products were neutralized, texture motion contribution was limited to frequencies within attentional acuity.
Texture motion beyond attentional acuity was not observed when distortion products were neutralized.

Conclusions:

No dedicated second-order motion system was identified.
Texture motion is mediated by the first-order system (due to distortion products) and the feature-tracking system (within attentional acuity).