Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

52.1K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
52.1K
Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

4.4K
The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same...
4.4K
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

5.4K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
5.4K
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

337
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
337
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

207
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
207

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: Genetic, neurobiological, and clinical differentiation.

iScience·2026
Same author

Sound hypersensitivity phenotypes and sound hypersensitivity disorder.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same author

From cranium to brain: Rethinking tES neuromodulation through the peripheral pathways.

Brain stimulation·2026
Same author

Tinnitus.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same author

Objective data-driven personalised approach to diagnosis of chronic tinnitus: the Tinnitus Detection (TIDE) project - protocol for the identification and validation of a biomarker for tinnitus.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Brainstem evoked responses.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Integrated multi-assessment and structural performance index framework for stacking-sequence optimisation of natural fibre reinforced laminates.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

SuperiorGAT: graph attention networks for sparse LiDAR point cloud reconstruction in autonomous systems.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

The effect of stretching the pectoralis major, sternocleidomastoid, and iliopsoas muscles on 800 m swimming performance in master swimmers.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

ISNR-PQC: isometry noise resilience post quantum cryptography primitive.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Identification of high-yielding and stable genotypes of barley in the cold climate of Iran using AMMI and GGE biplot models.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Bayesian negative binomial modelling of spatial and temporal patterns of road traffic deaths in Ghana.

Scientific reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
07:14

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

6.5K

Investigating sensitivity to multi-domain prediction errors in chronic auditory phantom perception.

Anusha Yasoda-Mohan1,2, Jocelyn Faubert3, Jan Ost4

  • 1Lab for Clinical and Integrative Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.

Scientific Reports
|May 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tinnitus patients show altered brain predictive coding in both auditory and visual senses. This suggests phantom percepts like tinnitus stem from a broader, systemic brain disorder, not just isolated sensory issues.

Keywords:
DeafferentationPredictive codingSensory prediction errorTinnitusVisual domain

More Related Videos

Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique
11:39

Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique

Published on: September 7, 2022

2.2K
Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
14:05

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

29.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2025

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
07:14

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

6.5K
Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique
11:39

Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique

Published on: September 7, 2022

2.2K
Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
14:05

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

29.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Sensory Perception

Background:

  • Phantom percepts, such as tinnitus (continuous phantom sound), are hypothesized to result from aberrant predictive coding, a unified theory of brain function.
  • This theory suggests that if predictive coding is aberrant, disruptions should manifest across multiple sensory domains, not just the affected one.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether aberrant predictive coding in tinnitus extends beyond the auditory domain.
  • To empirically test the hypothesis that phantom percepts are linked to higher-order systemic brain disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized tinnitus patients as a model for phantom percepts.
  • Employed the local-global oddball paradigm to assess predictive coding in both auditory and visual sensory domains.
  • Measured event-related EEG components, specifically mismatch negativity (MMN).

Main Results:

  • Tinnitus patients demonstrated altered sensitivity to predictive coding changes in both auditory and visual domains.
  • Significant changes were observed in event-related EEG components like mismatch negativity.
  • The degree of deviation in stimulus characteristics correlated with the subjective distress caused by tinnitus.

Conclusions:

  • Aberrant predictive coding is not confined to the auditory system in tinnitus patients but affects other sensory modalities.
  • These findings provide empirical evidence that phantom percepts are symptoms of a systemic neurological disorder impacting higher-order brain functions.
  • The results support the unified theory of brain functioning concerning aberrant predictive coding as a cause of phantom percepts.