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Regional differences in thyroid cancer presentation and survival: a SEER study
Jessica Rose1, Betsy C Wertheim, Marlon A Guerrero
1Department of Surgery, University of Arizona School of Medicine.
Geographic region impacts thyroid cancer presentation stage in the US, with Western patients more likely to have advanced disease. However, survival rates are not significantly affected by region within specific racial/ethnic groups.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Thyroid cancer incidence is rising globally.
- Existing research highlights gender and racial/ethnic disparities in thyroid cancer outcomes.
- Geographic variations in disease presentation and survival are not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of geographic region on thyroid cancer presentation stage.
- To determine if geographic region affects thyroid cancer survival rates in the United States.
- To analyze these associations within different racial/ethnic groups.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, analyzing 100,404 thyroid cancer cases (1973-2009).
- Assessed disease stage at diagnosis and cancer-free survival by geographic region (West, East, South, Midwest).
- Employed multinomial logistic regression for stage comparison and Cox proportional hazards regression for survival analysis, adjusting for covariates.
Main Results:
- The West region showed a higher risk of regional and distant metastatic disease presentation compared to other regions.
- The majority of patients across all regions presented with localized thyroid cancer.
- No significant associations were found between geographic region and cancer-free survival when stratified by cancer subtype and race/ethnicity.
Conclusions:
- Geographic region is a significant factor in the presentation stage of thyroid cancer in the US.
- Survival rates for thyroid cancer do not appear to be significantly influenced by geographic region when considering specific racial/ethnic subgroups.
- These findings underscore the importance of regional factors in early detection and staging of thyroid cancer.
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