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Nasopharyngeal bacterial colonisation in HIV-positive children in Cambodia

Vladimir Krcmery1, Jaroslava Sokolova, Nada Kulkova

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Slovak Tropical Institute, St. Elisabeth University College of Health and Social Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health care and Social Work, Trnava University in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia.

Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH
|September 11, 2013
PubMed

Insights

HIV-positive children commonly harbor Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in their respiratory tracts. A vaccination program led to a decrease in Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization rates.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Nasopharyngeal colonization is a critical factor in respiratory infections.
  • Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are at increased risk for opportunistic infections.
  • Understanding colonization patterns in immunocompromised children is vital for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and patterns of bacterial colonization in the nasopharynx of children with HIV.
  • To identify common bacterial species colonizing the respiratory tracts of these children.
  • To observe any changes in colonization patterns over time, particularly in relation to interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective collection of nasopharyngeal, nasal, and ear swabs from HIV-positive children.
  • Study conducted in two pediatric nursing homes in Cambodia between 2004 and 2011.
  • Bacteriological analysis of 882 collected swabs to identify microbial species.

Main Results:

  • A high rate of bacterial colonization was observed, with 586 out of 882 swabs testing positive.
  • Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent species (30.4%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (17.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.9%).
  • A notable decrease in Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization was recorded after the introduction of a vaccination program in 2009.

Conclusions:

  • HIV-positive children on highly active antiretroviral therapy frequently exhibit colonization by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • The study highlights a shift in common respiratory tract microbiota in this vulnerable population.
  • The findings underscore the impact of vaccination on reducing colonization by specific pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Abstract

Keywords:
CambodiaHIVbacteriachildrennasopharyngeal colonisation

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