[Ridge preservation after tooth extraction: what do we know today]

Following tooth removal, varying amounts of bone resorption take place due to qualitative and quantitative changes that occur at the alveolar bone around the extraction site. Alveolar bone is a tooth dependent structure and therefore, after a tooth is extracted, dimensional bone reduction takes place both, horizontally and vertically resulting in changes that may lead to esthetic and functional problems. Such deformities of the alveolar ridge may compromise future implant placement as well as esthetic results when a fixed partial denture is constructed in a visible area. In order to preserve ridge dimensions following tooth extraction, particularly where future implant placement is planned, ridge/socket preservation is recommended. Ridge/socket preservation is any procedure undertaken at the time of or following an extraction that is designed to minimize external resorption of the ridge and maximize bone formation within the socket. In certain situations it not advisable to perform ridge preservation at the time of tooth extraction thus, preservation is delayed by few weeks (6-8). This paper reviews the various socket/ridge preservation techniques and the diverse materials used to fill those deficient tissues or prevent their collapse. Scientific literature review is discussed.