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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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[Urticaria. Sometimes IgE-mediated?].

D Wieczorek1, J Langhorst, A Kapp

  • 1Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland, wieczorek.dorothea@mh-hannover.de.

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, Und Verwandte Gebiete
|September 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study outlines diagnostic strategies for various urticaria types, including identifying infections and autoimmune causes. It emphasizes targeted testing for IgE-mediated reactions in chronic cases for better patient management.

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Area of Science:

  • Urticaria diagnostics
  • Allergen-specific IgE testing
  • Autoimmune diagnostics

Context:

  • Chronic spontaneous urticaria, physical urticaria, and special urticaria forms require specific diagnostic approaches.
  • Subclinical infections (viral, bacterial, Helicobacter pylori) and autoimmune triggers are key considerations.
  • Autologous serum test aids in diagnosing autoimmune urticaria.

Purpose:

  • To detail diagnostic recommendations for diverse urticaria presentations.
  • To highlight the importance of identifying underlying causes like infections and autoimmune factors.
  • To guide the search for IgE-mediated reactions in chronic or severe urticaria cases.

Summary:

  • Diagnostic protocols involve screening for subclinical infections and autoimmune markers.
  • Leukocytosis and elevated CRP may indicate subclinical infections in acute urticaria.
  • For chronic or severe urticaria, IgE-mediated reactions (e.g., alpha-Gal, Omega-5-Gliadin) should be investigated.

Impact:

  • Establishes a standardized diagnostic framework for urticaria.
  • Enables individualized patient care through selected allergen and component testing.
  • Improves the diagnostic accuracy and management of urticaria patients.